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The risk-advancement period is the average time by which a risk factor (e.g., current smoking) advances an adverse clinical event (e.g., cardiovascular [CV]-related death); estimates of the risk-advancement period can be meaningful to affected patients. In this meta-analysis of data from 25 prospective cohort studies (504,000 adults; age ≥60), researchers determined the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on risk-advancement periods for CV-related adverse outcomes.
Mean follow-ups ranged from 2 to 13 years. Current smokers had a significantly higher risk for CV-related death than did never smokers (hazard ratio, 2.1) and former smokers (HR, 1.4); the corresponding risk-advancement periods were 5.5 years and 2.2 years, respectively. Highe…