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In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), 1441 patients with type 1 diabetes were randomized to receive intensive or conventional glucose-lowering treatment. During the 6.5-year randomized trial, the intensive-treatment group had less progression of retinopathy (as determined by serial retinal photographs) than the conventional-treatment group (NEJM JW Gen Med Nov 1 1993 and N Engl J Med 1993; 329:977). After the randomized trial ended, the investigators continued to follow most of the patients; during this post-trial follow-up, glycemic control became similar in the two groups.
Now, after an average follow-up of 23 years, the researchers report the incidence of ophthalmologic surgical procedures for conditions that are highly …