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Chronic low back pain is a frequent and costly problem for which few interventions are effective. Chronic low back pain is characterized by a number of structural, functional, and neurochemical changes in the brain; however, the impact and nature of brain changes have not been tested enough, and treatments have not been fully developed or tested. Brain stimulation techniques have been used in the management of various pain conditions, including low back pain. The precise mechanisms by which brain stimulation may alleviate pain are not clear. To evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation, alone or in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy, in patients with chronic low back pain, researchers conducted a rando…