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Bleuler emphasized cognitive deterioration in schizophrenia. Evidence for this was assessed in a Dutch study using magnetic resonance imaging and IQ assessment in a 3-year period in 84 schizophrenia patients (baseline means: illness duration, 4.4 years; age, 27) and 116 age-matched controls.
At baseline, total brain volume and volume of several cortical areas were smaller in patients than in controls. During follow-up, patients had significantly greater reductions in gray matter, total cortical volume, and volume of right supramarginal, posterior superior temporal, left supramarginal, left postcentral, and occipital regions, along with greater increases in third ventricular volume. IQ increased in both groups, secondary to practice effects; …