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The potential relationship between the intestinal microbiome and autoimmune disease is a novel area of study.
As part of an ongoing birth-cohort study, researchers examined the association between probiotic supplementation in infants and childhood risk for persistent pancreatic islet autoimmunity (IA) in approximately 7500 children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Children were followed for up to 10 years, and based on serologic testing, about 8% developed IA. During the first year of life, 22% of participants were given probiotics either in formula, as dietary supplements, or both.
Exposure to probiotics during the first 28 days of life was significantly associated with a decreased risk for developing IA compar…