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Zika virus, an RNA virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti, the same mosquito that transmits dengue and chikungunya viruses, has been recognized in increasing numbers in Brazil and surrounding countries. The virus, first identified in Uganda in 1947, has been linked both epidemiologically and virologically to fetal neurologic disease. In early 2015, there was an outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil. In September, there was a sharp increase in the prevalence of microcephaly in the outbreak areas, with more than 3000 cases reported in Brazil since October. Brazil's Ministry of Health established a task force and registry to investigate the possible association.
Thirty-five infants born with microcephaly between August and October 2015 were investigated…