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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to military and civilian traumas is common, but few long-term prospective studies have been published. Investigators studied 4138 Vietnam-era veterans from a registry of male–male twins who had been on active duty sometime from 1964 to 1975.
The men were assessed in 1992 for full or subthreshold PTSD (according to DSM-III-R criteria), major depression, alcohol and substance-use disorders, and generalized anxiety disorder. They also completed both mail surveys and telephone interviews in 2012 that assessed them for PTSD according to DSM-IV criteria. According to their pre-1992, 1992, and 2012 PTSD statuses, the men were classified as having chronic, late-recovery, early-recovery, or late-onset PTS…