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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of several chronic illnesses associated with altered gastrointestinal microbiota. Probiotics (beneficial gut bacteria), prebiotics (nonliving material promoting beneficial bacteria), and synbiotics (mixtures of prebiotics and probiotics) could help prevent and treat AD by modulating the gut microbiome, but study results have been mixed.
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of synbiotic use for AD included two prevention studies (1320 patients total) and six treatment studies (369 patients). Treatment intervention (type of prebiotics and probiotics used), control intervention, and participant ages varied between trials. Efficacy was measured consistently, using either AD incidence (prevention) or the SCO…