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Several European trials are being conducted to examine lung cancer screening with computed tomography (CT). In a recently published trial from Italy, CT screening did not lower lung cancer–associated mortality (NEJM JW Gen Med Jul 15 2015 and Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1166). Now, Danish investigators report outcomes of a study in which 4104 adults (age range, 50–70; smoking history, ≥20 pack-years) were randomized to undergo five annual rounds of low-dose CT screening or no screening.
During average follow-up of 9.5 years, twice as many lung cancers were diagnosed in screened patients as in controls (100 vs. 53). Death rates were virtually identical in the screening and control groups: 8.04% and 7.94% for overall mortality, and 1.9…