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To examine the effect of leisure-time physical activity on cognitive performance over time, researchers enrolled 1228 adults (mean age, 70.6 years), of whom 876 participated in a 5-year follow-up evaluation. Leisure-time physical activity was categorized into no/light activity versus moderate/heavy activity based on metabolic-equivalent scores calculated from questionnaire data. Neuropsychological tests evaluated processing speed, semantic memory, episodic memory, and executive function. The effect of leisure-time physical activity on cognitive performance was determined after first adjusting for sociodemographics, then cardiovascular risk factors, and finally white matter hyperintensity volume, cerebral volume, and presence of silent brain…