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Nivolumab and ipilimumab are monoclonal antibodies that act as immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Nivolumab works by blocking a signal that would have prevented activated T cells from attacking the cancer, thus allowing the immune system to clear the cancer. Ipilimumab enhances T-lymphocyte–mediated immune responses to both tumor cells and healthy tissue, improving survival in patients with metastatic melanoma but also leading to more immune-related adverse events.
Researchers now report on a retrospective case study of two patients, one with a metastatic melanoma and the other with a metastatic small-cell lung cancer. The patients were treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab. After treatment, they developed symptoms incl…