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Empyema, an uncommon complication of pneumonia, is typically preceded by an acute respiratory viral illness. The incidence of empyema has increased, and findings of small studies suggest increased risk with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and respiratory viral infection.
Researchers evaluated the association between NSAIDs and empyema in a case-control study involving 83 children aged 3 months through 15 years who were hospitalized for empyema in 15 pediatric respiratory centers across France and 83 matched controls who were outpatients with acute viral infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae, mostly non-Prevnar serotypes, was implicated in 86% of the empyema cases for wh…