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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about whether CPAP reduces cardiovascular risk. To shed light on this question, the Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints (SAVE) investigators conducted an open-label randomized trial of patients from 89 centers in seven countries. Patients were eligible if they were 45 to 75 years old and were diagnosed with both moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease.
After a run-in period, 2717 patients (mean age, 61; 81% men; mean body-mass index, 29 kg/m2) were randomized to CPAP plus usual care or usual care alone. With a mean follow-up of 3.7 y…