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Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis–Dutch (HCHWA-D) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by a point mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene on chromosome 21. This mutation causes amyloid-beta accumulation in cerebral vessel walls, causing cell death and vessel wall integrity loss, making vessels more prone to rupture and obstruction. This process leads to hemorrhages and infarcts starting between ages 40 and 65; the first stroke is fatal in two thirds of patients (Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:641). To compare the natural history of HCHWA-D with that of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (sCAA), researchers retrospectively compared 58 patients with HCHWA-D from one center and 316 patients with sCAA from anothe…