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In this single-blind, randomized, controlled trial, the authors investigated whether aerobic exercise improved cognitive performance and activities of daily living in older adults with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). VCI was clinically defined by the presence of small-vessel ischemic disease on neuroimaging and cognitive impairment. The intervention group underwent aerobic training in three 1-hour sessions a week for 6 months. The control group received usual care plus education about VCI and about a healthy diet. Primary outcomes were general cognitive performance based on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), executive function, and activities of daily living. Secondary outcomes included general card…