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Results have been mixed about whether an association exists between vasectomy and prostate cancer (NEJM JW Gen Med Jul 15 2002 and JAMA 2002; 287:3110). In this population-based cohort study, researchers in Canada examined the relation between vasectomy and risk for prostate cancer and other prostate cancer–related outcomes in nearly 327,000 men (age range, 20–65) who had undergone vasectomy between 1994 and 2012; participants were matched by age, comorbidities, and other factors with an equal number of men who had not undergone vasectomy.
After median follow-up of about 11 years, 3462 incident cases of prostate cancer occurred — 53% in the vasectomy group and 47% in the no-vasectomy group. In analysis adjusted for several potential confound…