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Immunosuppression in organ transplant recipients is associated with an increased risk for malignancies, including those of the genital tract. Although human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive lesions in the anogenital tract are more common in renal transplant (RT) recipients than in immunocompetent patients, the natural history of HPV infection in patients with end-stage renal disease who undergo RT is unclear.
To address this issue, investigators in the Netherlands assessed prevalence of HPV infection in 65 female patients (median age, 50; 28% smokers) before and after undergoing RT. Medical/sexual history and results of gynecological examination with cytology were obtained at baseline. Follow-up included gynecological exams at 1 and 2 years as …