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The development of mumps vaccine and its incorporation into the routinely administered childhood measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has led to a marked reduction in incidence of naturally occurring mumps virus infection and its attendant complications. Vaccine-induced immunity was originally thought to be lifelong. However, in the past 2 decades, large mumps outbreaks have occurred in the U.S. and worldwide.
From July 2015 to May 2016, a mumps outbreak affecting 301 students occurred at the University of Iowa. Clinical data available for 95% of these students showed that 20 (7%) developed mumps-related complications: 15 had orchitis, 3 had transient hearing loss, 2 had mastoiditis, and 1 had meningitis. Of note, all 20 had received at least…