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Elevated serum uric acid (UA) increases risk for gout. Elevated UA also has been implicated in adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, but these associations might be confounded by other risk factors (e.g., obesity) or reflect reverse causality (e.g., kidney disease elevates serum UA). In this “umbrella review” of 76 meta-analyses of observational studies, 20 meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials, and 56 Mendelian randomization studies, researchers examined associations between UA levels and 136 health outcomes.
Meta-analyses of observational studies revealed no convincing association between UA level and any health outcome (studies of gout were not included here). Although evidence was highly suggestive of associations between …