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Vaginitis is among the most likely reasons women consult clinicians. To investigate the performance of a single-swab molecular test for the common infectious causes of vaginitis, 1740 women with symptoms of vaginitis (abnormal vaginal discharge, itching or irritation, odor) self-collected one vaginal swab and had a second swab collected by a clinician. Samples were tested for nucleic acid sequences of the microorganisms responsible for the three common causes of vaginitis: bacterial vaginosis (BV; e.g., Gardnerella vaginalis), candidiasis (Candida group, with separate analysis of C. glabrata and C. krusei), and trichomoniasis (trichomonad protozoa). Results were compared with those of gold-standard methods for diagnosis of vaginitis (e.g., …