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Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-known risk factor for adolescent substance use disorders, including nicotine use. To tease apart genetic and environmental contributions to increased smoking risks in children with ADHD, investigators conducted a first-of-its-kind twin/longitudinal study, examining 1881 same-sex twin pairs (64% monozygotic, 52% female, > 90% white). The investigators measured the effects on nicotine use (age at initiation, nicotine dependence, number of cigarettes/day) of sex, zygosity, and, separately, severity of symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, controlling for birthweight, neurological problems, socioeconomic status, co-occurring conduct or opposition-defiant disord…