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Infection with Zika virus, an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes species mosquito, has been associated with a number of neurologic manifestations, mainly microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), myelitis, and meningoencephalitis.
In a prospective observational cohort study at a referral hospital for neurologic diseases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, researchers evaluated the presence of Zika virus infection in 40 consecutive adult patients (15 women, 25 men) with new-onset parainfectious or neuroinflammatory disease. Of these patients, 29 (73%) had GBS, 7 (18%) encephalitis, 3 (8%) transverse myelitis, and 1 (3%) newly diagnosed chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Overall, 88% of patients had evidence of recent Zika virus infe…