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Lifestyle interventions and certain medications can help prevent or delay the transition from guideline-defined prediabetes to guideline-defined type 2 diabetes. The effectiveness of these interventions was explored in this meta-analysis of 43 randomized trials that involved about 49,000 adults (mean age, 57; mean body-mass index, 31 kg/m2) and tested lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight loss), medications, or both. Medication studies included essentially all classes of type 2 diabetes medications. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 6 years in most studies.
In the lifestyle modification trials, diabetes incidence was lower among intervention participants than among controls (7.4 vs. 11.4 cases per 100 person-years), with 25 participants ne…