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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are second only to respiratory tract infections as indications for antibiotic treatment, and such prescribing likely contributes to antibiotic resistance. Women with presumed lower UTIs usually receive antibiotics, even though this condition often is self-limited. In a recent trial, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen — compared with fosfomycin as initial treatment for patients with suspected UTIs — lowered antibiotic use by two thirds and was not associated with more complications (e.g., pyelonephritis) but was associated with higher symptom burden (NEJM JW Gen Med Mar 1 2016 and BMJ 2015; 351:h6544). Now, researchers randomized 250 women (age range, 18–70) to receive the NSAID diclofen…