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A large community-wide series of surveys conducted in the Rakai district of Uganda between 1999 and 2016 included 34,000 individuals contributing 103,000 person-visits and revealed a significant decline in HIV incidence (mean incidence declined from 1.12 cases/100 person-years in 2006 to 0.66 cases/100 person-years in 2016). The decline was greater among men than women (54% vs. 32%).
Reductions in HIV incidence coincided with substantial increases in prevention and treatment coverage. Self-reported use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) increased from 12% in 2006 to 69% by 2016. Viral load suppression improved from 42% in 2009 to 75% in 2016. Coverage of medical male circumcision increased from 15% in 1999 to 59% in 2016. The number of adolesce…