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Thyroid autoimmunity is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in women of childbearing age; moreover, this immune condition is associated with excess risks for infertility, miscarriage, and preterm labor. To explore the pregnancy-associated outcomes of giving levothyroxine during a single cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF) to women with antithyroperoxidase antibodies and normal thyroid function, investigators in China conducted an open-label trial involving 600 women (mean age, 32) who were randomized to levothyroxine or no treatment within 2 to 4 weeks before beginning an IVF cycle. Levothyroxine dosages were sufficient to maintain thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the normal range for pregnancy but without rendering TSH…