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In a review article, researchers summarize recent advancements in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis.
Highlights are as follows:
Clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH), the main driver of prognosis in patients with cirrhosis (hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥10 mm Hg), typically manifests as ascites and gastroesophageal varices.
Transient elastography, such as Fibroscan, has been shown to accurately diagnose CSPH with 93% accuracy using a liver stiffness cutoff of 20 kPa.
Risk strata (low, medium, and high) for compensated cirrhosis have been proposed that reflect 1-year mortality rates of ≤1%, 1% to 20%, and ≥20%, respectively.
Short-term proton-pump inhibitor use might reduce b…