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Yellow fever is caused by a mosquito-borne flavivirus and is endemic in several parts of South America and sub-Saharan Africa. Although yellow fever is often asymptomatic or mild, 15% of infected people develop severe illness, resulting in a 20% to 60% fatality rate in this group.
In several parts of Brazil, including urban areas, an outbreak in humans and nonhuman primates that began in late 2016 continues to the present time. Researchers report on 10 cases in unvaccinated international travelers identified since January 2018 that resulted in 4 deaths. Five of the cases were reported through GeoSentinel, a global clinician-based sentinel service, and involved Dutch, French, Romanian, Swiss, and German travelers who spent from 1 to 4 weeks i…