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After approval of RotaShield, the first licensed rotavirus vaccine, surveillance identified an excess number of intussusceptions (a telescoping of one segment of the bowel into another segment) of approximately 1 additional case per 10,000 vaccinees. Thereafter, recipients of newer live rotavirus vaccines have been monitored for intussusception. Two approved vaccines, Rotarix (RV1), a monovalent vaccine, and Rotateq (RV5), a pentavalent vaccine, were not initially associated with intussusception in large trials. However, in postmarketing surveillance, 1 to 6 excess cases of intussusception per 100,000 RV1 and RV5 vaccinees were discovered in several high- and middle-income countries. Intussusceptions were seen primarily in the week after th…