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Small-for-gestational-age infants face greater risk for adverse health outcomes. Observational studies (and a few small trials) indicated that vitamin D levels were associated with fetal and infant growth; thus, the Gates Foundation funded a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 1300 mothers in Bangladesh (where vitamin D deficiency is common) to examine the effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation on infant growth. Participants were enrolled during the third trimester and randomized to receive placebo or vitamin D supplementation. The first intervention group received a weekly dose of 28,000 IU of vitamin D through 26 weeks postpartum; the other three groups received prenatal-only supplementation (in weekly dose…