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Practice guidelines have long provided strong evidence-based recommendations for treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Use of these treatments in hospitalized cohorts was once suboptimal but has improved substantially since the advent of quality-measurement programs like those led by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in the late 1990s. To obtain data on the quality of HFrEF care in ambulatory settings, researchers relied on the manufacturer-sponsored CHAMP-HF registry, which enrolled 3518 people with HFrEF (mean age, 66; 29% women; mean left ventricular EF, 29%) in 150 U.S. primary care and cardiology ambulatory practices.
Patients with limited estimated life expectancy or plans for advanced support ther…