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“Shared intentionality,” a distinctly human feature, refers to people's capacity to collaborate. The capacity to share intentionality, which develops in early childhood, requires that individuals be mutually responsive, commit to joint activities and goals, and mutually support one another's actions. Researchers using imaging techniques like functional MRI (fMRI) or electroencephalography have found prefrontal cortical neural synchronization during simple social interactions (e.g., joint eye-gaze or gesturing). To investigate the neural basis of synchronization between partners during shared intentionality involving a complex, unconstrained problem-solving task, these investigators focused on the lateral prefrontal cortex with functional ne…