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Esophageal reflux resulting in Barrett esophagus is the leading risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. The impact of treating reflux and the risk for developing esophageal cancer with either medical or surgical therapy remain unclear.
To address this issue, investigators conducted a large multinational, population-based, retrospective cohort study involving more than 940,000 Scandinavian patients (median age, 66 years) with gastroesophageal reflux disease undergoing antireflux surgery or medical therapy only. Of these patients, approximately 48,000 underwent antireflux surgery and approximately 890,000 did not undergo surgery. Among the nonsurgery patients, 92% received antireflux medication.
Among the surgery group, 0.4% developed esopha…