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Although immune checkpoint blockade has evolved to play a significant role in the therapeutic approach to many solid and liquid neoplasms, its role in prostate cancer to date has been rather modest. Currently, only prostate cancer patients with microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) tumors are approved to receive the anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab. Although data are limited, MSI-H is believed to be found in approximately 3% of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
To gain further insight into the role of MSI in prostate cancer patients' response to immune checkpoint blockade, investigators examined the frequency of MSI in 1167 tumor speci…