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Globalization has established an environment where multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis are emerging threats worldwide. The rates of successful treatment of MDR/XDR M. tuberculosis are only 25% to 50%, calling for a great medical need for development of better treatment options. In M. tuberculosis, L,D-transpeptidases are the workhorse enzymes of peptidoglycan crosslinking and are targets of carbapenem activity. In some studies, clavulanate is sometime used with carbapenems to inactivate mycobacterial beta-lactamases that may frequently hydrolyze and attenuate the activity of the carbapenems. Researchers have now summarized the in vitro, in vivo animal, and clinical evidence of the antimy…