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Several vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)–targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used to treat patients with advanced renal cancer — and the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab can improve survival in patients previously treated with a TKI. Still, progressive disease remains problematic.
Researchers conducted an industry-sponsored phase III trial involving patients with previously untreated metastatic clear-cell renal cancer who were randomized to 50-mg sunitinib daily or the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor avelumab (infused every 2 weeks) plus 5-mg axitinib twice daily; all regimens were given in 6-week cycles (4 weeks on/2 weeks off). The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS)…