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The worldwide incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is now at almost 500,000 cases yearly, but evidence on how to treat these infections is limited. Because of encouraging results in an observational study treating patients with rifampin-resistant TB with a 9-month, seven-drug regimen (gatifloxacin, clofazimine, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide throughout the treatment period supplemented by prothionamide, kanamycin, and isoniazid for at least 4 months), researchers have now compared a similar regimen (substituting moxifloxacin for gatifloxacin) with the World Health Organization 2011 recommended 20-month treatment regimen for MDR TB in a randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. The primary outcome was a composite measure…