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Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a strong predictor of survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, bystanders often hesitate to initiate standard compression–ventilation CPR (S-CPR) due to fear of incompetence or infection. In Sweden, national guidelines were revised in 2006, 2011, and 2016 to encourage chest compression–only CPR (CO-CPR) as an alternative to S-CPR for bystanders. Investigators used Swedish registry records of bystander-witnessed OHCA to describe the impact of these guideline changes on CPR rates, CPR methods, and 30-day survival.
About 30,000 bystander-witnessed OHCAs were included in the study. From 2000 to 2017, the proportions of patients receiving any CPR, S-CPR, or CO-CPR befor…