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Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau, which disrupt neuronal oscillations and function. Researchers used mouse models of AD involving brain accumulation of Aβ and tau to examine whether auditory and visual stimulation can ameliorate AD-related pathology and cognitive dysfunction.
A 40-Hz tone was best at entraining the firing rate of neurons in the auditory cortex (AC), the hippocampal CA1 region, and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). After a week, the tone reduced Aβ in AC and hippocampus and decreased plaque and phosphorylated tau in CA1 and AC. The tone increased amyloid uptake by microglia and upregulated astrocytes while improving spatial and recognition memory, which were i…