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Transgender individuals commonly receive hormone therapy (HT), but the effects of such treatment on breast cancer risk remain uncertain. Therapy for transgender women (male sex at birth, female gender identity) usually includes estrogen, while transgender men (female sex at birth, male gender identity) usually receive testosterone. Investigators at a clinic serving >95% of transgender people in the Netherlands assessed risk for breast cancer in 2260 transgender women and 1229 transgender men receiving HT compared with risk in the general population from 1972 to 2016. Median age at HT initiation was 31 (transgender women) and 23 (transgender men); median follow-up was 13 and 8 years, respectively.
Among transgender women, 18 cases of breast c…