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Traditional response plans for mass casualty incidents (MCIs) cover natural disasters, pandemics, and multiple-vehicle accidents. Unfortunately, these plans may not adequately address civilian active shooter and other violent events with multiple casualties. Supported by literature reviews, interviews, and input from dozens of experts, a white paper from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response highlights differences in violent and other MCIs and offers planning considerations. Key points include:
Civilians are “immediate responders,” providing care and transport before traditional emergency response arrives. Ongoing community education programs (e.g., Stop the Bleed) and during-event…