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Several studies have documented higher plasma drug concentrations with the same medication doses in women than in men, but guideline-recommended doses of cardiovascular medications are the same regardless of sex. To understand whether certain medications should be dosed differently for men and women, investigators studied angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and β-blockers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
The investigators performed a post hoc analysis of BIOSTAT-CHF, a prospective study of 2516 patients with worsening signs or symptoms of HF who were considered to be receiving suboptimal medical treatment. Patients who died within the first 3 months were …