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Why do mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) share so many comorbidities? To examine possible overlapping neural mechanisms underlying these disorders, investigators conducted a meta-analysis of 367 functional MRI studies involving 4507 patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or PTSD compared with 4755 unaffected controls.
Patients with all diagnoses exhibited hypoactivation in the right inferior prefrontal cortex, insula, inferior parietal lobule, and putamen. Hyperactivation was seen in the left amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, and the perigenual and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.