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Brachytherapy is the implantation of radioactive material into a tumor. No randomized trials have been performed to compare radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and brachytherapy in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (defined according to Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level, clinical stage, and percentage of positive biopsy cores). In this observational study from the Kaiser Permanente healthcare system, researchers compared outcomes among 1500 patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer who received one of these three options. To adjust for baseline differences among the three groups, multivariable analysis with propensity scoring was used.
During 10 years of follow-up, propensity-…