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Left untreated, 5% to 10% of patients with latent tuberculosis (TB) develop active TB. Since the last guidelines, published in 2000, several treatment regimens have been studied. These new guidelines recommend regimens that optimally balance effectiveness with minimal toxicity.
Three preferred rifamycin-based regimens, containing either rifampin or rifapentine, and two alternative isoniazid monotherapy regimens are recommended for patients considered to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms that are susceptible to these drugs.
The first of three preferred regimens is once-weekly isoniazid plus rifapenti…