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We are living in a transformative era with regard to the nonsurgical treatment of cholecystitis. Historically, patients with contraindications to surgery had only one option — a percutaneous cholecystostomy tube for gallbladder drainage (PT-GBD). While effective, these tubes were unpleasant for patients and often remained in place as a permanent implant (referred to as “destination therapy”). Recent years have seen the rise of two endoscopic options: endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETP-GBD) and endoscopic ultrasound–guided transmural gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD). In a recent systematic review with network meta-analysis, researchers compared outcomes of all three approaches.
Ten studies, including just under 1300 patients, w…