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Use of anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with increased risk for certain cancers, but whether use of vedolizumab carries such risk has not been studied to date.
In the current retrospective cohort study, investigators examined risk for recurrent or new cancer among patients with IBD with a history of cancer and subsequent treatment with vedolizumab or anti-TNF therapy. Ninety-six patients were treated with vedolizumab, 184 were exposed to anti-TNF therapy, and 183 received no immunosuppression. The mean duration of exposure to vedolizumab was 1.7 person-years and to anti-TNFs, 3.6 person-years.
During a median follow-up of 5 to 6 years, the incidence rate of cancer was 2.2/1000 p…