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Live rotavirus vaccines are effective at preventing diarrhea but are associated with 1 to 7 excess cases of intussusception per 100,000 vaccinated children in the developed world. There are geographic differences in vaccine effectiveness and risk for intussusception. In 2016, rotavirus vaccine was licensed sequentially in various states in India after large efficacy studies showed no appreciable increased risk for intussusception. Investigators conducted postlicensing active surveillance for intussusception using self-controlled case series analysis and matched case-control analysis.
Cases comprised children younger than 2 years who met criteria for intussusception at sentinel hospitals. Controls were children admitted for non-gastrointestin…