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Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are treated in the U.S. with chemoradiotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. Recurrence rates after local therapy are high, and there has been no proven benefit for any additional adjuvant therapy.
Investigators now report results of CHECKMATE 577, an industry-sponsored global phase 3 trial comparing adjuvant treatment with nivolumab versus placebo in patients with esophageal cancer after chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Eligible patients had curative resection and evidence of residual disease in the primary tumor or lymph nodes at surgery. In this double-blind trial, 794 patients were randomized 2:1 to 1 year of adjuvant nivolumab (240 mg every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, follo…