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Although the introduction of meningococcal A conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis belt resulted in the near eradication of meningitis caused by that serogroup, disease caused by other serotypes is on the rise. Of special concern is serotype X, which was not covered by the quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine products, but which has been implicated in 22% of meningococcal disease in certain African regions. Investigators randomized healthy Malian children (age range, 12–16 months; all Black African) 2:2:1 to receive two doses of pentavalent meningococcal ACWYX conjugate vaccine (NmCV-5) with or without alum adjuvant, or the quadrivalent conjugate vaccine (Menactra; Sanofi Pasteur) in a trial evaluating the safety and immunogen…